What depression looks like ?

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What depression looks like ?

Depression is a widespread ailment that affects 3.8 percent of the world's population, with 5.0 percent of adults and 5.7 percent of persons over 60 years old suffering from depression. Around 280 million people worldwide suffer from depression. Depression is distinct from normal mood swings and short-term emotional responses to ordinary difficulties. Depression can be dangerous to one's health, especially if it is persistent and has a moderate or severe intensity. It can make the individual who is affected suffer severely and perform poorly at the job, school, and in the family. Depression can lead to suicide in the worst-case scenario. Every year, around 700,000 people die by suicide.Suicide is the fourth highest cause of death among those aged 15 to 29.

Despite the fact that there are effective treatments for mental diseases, more than 75% of people in low- and middle-income nations do not obtain them. Lack of funding, a shortage of skilled healthcare practitioners, and the societal stigma associated with mental illnesses are all obstacles to effective treatment. People with depression are frequently misdiagnosed and administered antidepressants in countries of all income levels, while those who do not have the disease are frequently misdiagnosed and take antidepressants.

Patterns and symptoms

A depressive episode lasts at least two weeks and is marked by a depressed mood (feeling sad, irritated, or empty) or a loss of pleasure or interest in activities for the majority of the day, practically every day. Poor focus, feelings of excessive guilt or low self-worth, hopelessness about the future, thoughts of death or suicide, disrupted sleep, changes in food or weight, and feeling especially weary or low in energy are all possible symptoms.

Specific persons may show their mood swings more readily in the form of physiological symptoms in some cultural circumstances ( pain, fatigue, weakness). The person has severe difficulty in personal, familial, social, educational, occupational, and/or other vital areas of functioning during a depressed episode.

A depressive episode is classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on the quantity and intensity of symptoms as well as the influence on the individual's ability to function.

Mood disorders can manifest themselves in a variety of ways, including:

The term "single episode depressive disorder" refers to a person's first and only experience of depression.

recurrent depressive disorder, which means the person has had at least two episodes of depression; Bipolar disorder, in which depressed episodes alternate with times of manic symptoms, is another example.

which include euphoria or irritation, increased activity or energy, as well as other symptoms including increased talkativeness, racing thoughts, improved self-esteem, decreased sleep demand, distractibility, and impulsive hazardous behavior.

Factors that have a role and how to avoid them

A complex combination of social, psychological, and biological factors leads to depression. People who have experienced adversity in their lives (such as unemployment, bereavement, or traumatic experiences) are more prone to depression. Depression can aggravate the affected person's life condition and the depression itself by causing greater stress and dysfunction.

Depression and physical health have a symbiotic relationship. Cardiovascular disease, for example, can cause depression and vice versa.

Depression has been demonstrated to be reduced via prevention programs. School-based programs to improve a pattern of positive coping in children and adolescents are effective community methods to preventing depression. Interventions for parents of children with behavioral issues may help to lessen parental depression and enhance their children's outcomes. Exercise programs for the elderly can also be beneficial in preventing depression.

Read more for ways to relieve stress

Treatment and diagnosis

Treatments for depression are available.

Health-care providers may recommend psychological treatments such as behavioral activation, cognitive behavioral therapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy, as well as antidepressant medication such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants, depending on the severity and pattern of depressive episodes over time (TCAs). Bipolar disorder is treated with a variety of drugs. Health-care professionals should consider the risks of antidepressant medication, their ability to administer either intervention (in terms of skill and/or treatment availability), and their patients' preferences. There are a variety of psychological treatment formats to consider. Individual and/or group face-to-face psychological treatments offered by experts and supervised lay therapists are among the several treatment forms to choose from. For moderate depression, antidepressants are not the primary line of treatment. They should not be used to treat depression in children, and they should not be used as the first line of treatment in teenagers, who should be treated with special caution.

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